United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

General Information
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state in the north-western Europe. 
It includes the Great Britain Island, northern part of the Ireland island and many other smaller islands. 
United Kingdom consists of four administrative divisions- England, Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland.
Each has devolved administration system (for example Scotland has its own parlament, etc.)
It is contitutional monarchy, one of the few left monarchyes in Europe. There is no codified constitution here.
 Head of state is a monarch, Queen Elizabeth II nowadays. National language is english, currency is pound sterling.
Population of UK is 62000000 inhabbitants. Capital city is London.he UK is a developed country and 
has the world's seventh-largest economy. It is a member  of the Commonwealth of Nations, 
the Council of Europe, the G7, the G8, the G20, NATO, 
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization.

History
First people on the British islands appeard 30000 years ago. They were mainly celtic tribes.
Britain was conquerd by Romans in 43 A.D. The rule of Romans was 400 years long.
Departure of Romans was followed by an invasion of Anglo-Saxons tribes. They were
conquered by Normans in the 11th century. The last Anglo-Saxon king was defeated by 
William the Conqueror in the batlle of Hastings (1066 A.D.)
Other important events- 100 year war and war of the roses between Lancasters and
Yorks. 
17th century- very important, English civil war and short peeriod of republic. After few years 
republick was cancaled and monarchy was back again. But the power of monarch was restricted
by parlament.
18th and 19th centuryes- The Union of England, Scotland and Ireland was established. Great Britain became 
the biggest colonial power in the world. British navy was the biggest and the most powerfull. 
British Empire coverd 1/4 of Earths surface. It took part in the 7 years war, American war of Independence,
Napoleonic wars etc. It was the firs idustrialized country. Steam mashine was invented in the UK.
20th century- 1st and 2nd World Wars, proces of decolonization. Establishment of  the Commonwealth of Nations.
Faulkland war and war in Afganistan.

London 
Capital city of the UK, and with population of 8000000 inhabittants its biggest city. It is also the biggest city of EU.
London is very cosmopolitan city( over 300 languages are spoken here). It is one of the most important
centres of economy in the world. It is UKs center of education, culture, economy, buissines, fashion etc.
London has worlds biggest airport system. London Tube is the oldest metro system in the world.

Cardiff
Cardiff is the capital city of Wales. It is UKs biggest media centre outside the London( there is famous
BBC drama village). It is also known for its sport facilities.

Edinbourgh
Edinbourgh is the capital city of Scotland and its 2nd biggest city. It isnt only centre of education (Edinbourgh university, one
of the oldest on British islands),centre of buissnes and economy of Scotland, but it is also famous because of
great number of festivals( geberaly known as Edinbourgh festival, which takes place in August). Castle of Edinbourgh
is also very popular touristic destination.

Belfast
Belfas is the capital of Northern Ireland. It is the 2nd biggest city on the Ireland island. It is mostly industrial city, best 
known because of its shipyards( Titanic was build here). It is also centre of culture, education and economy of
Northern Irelands. Belfast and Northern Ireland  in general is infamously known as the place of confict between
the catholics and prothestants( The Troubles).